Dark Matter Energy is Hydrogen - Speed and Temperature Help

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Dark Matter Energy is Hydrogen - Speed and Temperature Help Explains Pioneer Anomalies

February 15th 2006


Pioneer 11 launch

A new study may help lead to an explanation of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft anomalies. The two crafts were launched in 1972 and 1973 respectively, and are now at the outskirts of the solar system.

The anomalies, sometimes called the Pioneer effect, refer to the observed deviation from expected trajectories of various unmanned spacecraft as they travel through the outer solar system. There is no universally accepted explanation for the phenomenon, but scientists have speculated that it could be from gas leakage. An entirely new physics has also been considered – dark matter and energy.

Researchers at the Cambridge University's Institute of Astronomy in England, with help from the worlds most advanced optical array, say that the dark matters is made of hydrogen atoms with temperatures reaching 10,000 degrees C (18,000 F). This is hotter than the surface of the sun. The particles travel at around six miles per second.

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Why The Red Shift Does Not Prove The Expansion Of The Universe
February 20th 2006


Red Shift Diagram nasa.gov

The work of Hubble and the observed red shifts were used to support the belief that the universe is apparently expanding. His work showed that the red shift had a linear dependence on distance. It was assumed that the red shift was due to the Doppler effect.

While Hubble measured red shifts as a function of measured distances, Hubble himself initially used the term "apparent velocity" in connection with the red shift. In turn, this was assumed to prove that the universe was expanding ­ in all directions.

The work of Saul Perlmutter and others is cited to show that the expansion of the universe is apparently accelerating and thus introduced the need for dark energy.

By Sol Aisenberg
Sol is a Scientist with Ph.D. in Physics from M.I.T., a generalist, executive experience, independent inventor.


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Right - Dark Matter Overlay

(Best Syndication) Astronomers say that most of the universe is made up of dark matter, which acts like a glue that holds the galaxies together. On Tuesday NASA scientists revealed an image of a “ghostly ring” taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The ring is apparently composed of dark matter.

The NASA astronomers got their first-hand view of how dark matter behaves during a titanic collision between two galaxy clusters. The ghostly ring is similar to the ripple effect caused by dropping a rock into a pool of water. The ring can be seen in the “blue map” of the cluster’s dark matter distribution, which is superimposed on an image of the cluster.

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